israel-palestine conflict history|Palestine |articlecg

 What is the Palestine problem?👉

   Palestine is situated on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea. At the end of the First World War, it was administered by Britain on the mandate of the League of Nations. Christians, Muslims, and Jews live in this land of all three religions. The main city here is Jerusalem. Jews have been living here since ancient times. At the time of World War I, Palestine was under the Ottoman Empire. In the words of Mr. Satyaketu Vidyalankar, “Although Muslim Arabs were in majority in this region, Christians and Jews also lived here in large numbers. When the British started trying to get the cooperation of the Arabs against the Sultan after the Turks entered the Great War and assured them of the creation of a powerful Arab nation, the Arabs naturally understood that after the fall of the Ottoman Sultan, the Arab nation will be established, Palestine will also be under it. But the British people had something else in mind. At that time there was no region in the world that the Jewish people could call their own. They were scattered in many countries in Europe and America and could not become a complete part of the nationality of any country due to differences in caste, population, and, religion. Due to the strong form of nationalism in different countries of Europe, Jews were also being seen with hatred in many countries. Due to this, the Jews couldn't live there. In this situation, the prosperous Jews of Europe and America initiated a new movement, whose aim was to establish such a separate country. Where Jewish people displaced from different countries could settle with peace of mind. Naturally, their attention turned to Palestine, which was their own country in very ancient times. The principal leaders of this new Jewish Yazionisa movement were Dr. Vzimane and Bradys. Under his leadership, this movement among the Jews continued to gain momentum that at the end of the Great War, when Palestine would be freed from the subjugation of the Turks, this territory should be made safe for the Jews, so that they could settle there and live with freedom. "

When the movement of the Jews went on rapidly, Mr. Velfour, the foreign minister of the British government, was impressed by this movement and announced on November 2, 1917, “The British government agrees with the idea of ​​making Palestine a Jewish country and will give practical shape to this idea.” But the British government tried to keep this policy hidden from the Arabs and Christians because the number of these people in Palestine was excessive.

When the First World War ended in 1918, a large number of Jews immigrated to Palestine. The leaders of the Allies were encouraging them to do so, but the Arabs living in Palestine were against these activities of the Jews because the language and religion of the Arabs were completely different from theirs. The Arabs were hoping that after the end of the Great War, their kingdom would be established in Palestine as well, but when the hope of the Arabs was not fulfilled, they openly rebelled against the Jews. This rebellion continued till 1921.

Despite strong opposition from the Arabs, the Jewish population in Palestine continued to grow and doubled in 1930 compared to 1922. Wealthy Jews living in Europe and America established a 'World Jewish Association'. The main objective of this union was to make Palestine the national state of the Jews.

Why Jerusalem is so important to Muslims, Christians and Jews

There is a wall in Jerusalem, which was considered sacred by the people of the Jewish community. Near this wall is the mosque of Caliph Umar. On the one hand, if the Jews gathered to worship their wall, on the other hand, the Muslims would gather in the mosque near the wall. Thus the possibilities of mutual conflict between the two increased. In 1928, there were many conflicts between the two communities here. The British government appointed a commission to solve the above problem of Palestine. After listening to both sides, the commission decided in 1931 AD that the wall and the platform along with it are the property of Muslims but Jews can worship there. But the entry of Jews into Palestine continued at a rapid pace. Keeping in view the anti-Arab sentiment, a commissioner was appointed who reported that the number of Jews in Palestine was increasing day by day and that 25,000 acres of agricultural land had passed from Arab hands to Jews. Based on this report, the British government banned the entry of Jews into Palestine. The Jews were enraged by this and they again launched a movement against it. The World Jewish Federation demanded that according to the mandate of the League of Nations, the British government must build the British government must build a national home for the Jews in Palestine, but how can this goal be achieved by banning the entry of Jews there? . Due to the opposition of the World Jewish Federation, in 1932, the British government changed its policy and decided the following things -

(1) Any Jew 10,000 Rs. He can go and settle in Palestine with him.

(2) The number of Jews coming in search of wages should be fixed. The Arabs were dissatisfied with the above system because now the rich and prosperous Jews were living in Palestine.

I came and started settling down. Similarly, the number of poor Jews also increased. This caused great anger among the Arabs. In 1935 AD, he placed the following demands in front of the British Government -

(1) The entry of Jews into Palestine should be banned.

(2) The Jews should not be given the right to buy land in Palestine.

3) The poor Arabs who are in debt should be freed from the clutches of Jewish moneylenders.

(4) The governance of Palestine should be reconstituted according to the principle of democracy. But the British government rejected the above demands of the Arabs. So the Arabs started violent activities. The British government also ran a cycle of repression. Countless Arabs were killed. When the situation became more serious, in 1936, the British Government appointed the Peel Commission. After studying the problems in depth, this commission concluded that there could be no compromise between the Arabs and the Jews. Therefore, Palestine should be divided into two states between the Arabs and the Jews, and at the same time provision of British territory was kept. Thus a plan was laid out to divide Palestine into three parts.

But neither the Arabs nor the Jews were satisfied with the Peel Commission. Even on this, the Jews were hoping that if they get possession of some territory, then they will expand their borders by getting time. But the Arabs were completely dissatisfied with the suggestions of this commission. They did not want the division of their country into three parts. So he rebelled again. Unrest spread throughout Palestine. In 1938, 69 British and 29 Jews were killed in this rebellion.

The British Government again appointed the Wood-Head Commission. This commission reported that the plan of the Peel Commission was not practically practical. Therefore, it is appropriate to make a settlement between Arabs and Jews. The British government also wanted a settlement between the two sides. Therefore, he organized the Round Table Council in London, but there was such a sharp difference between the Arabs and the Jews that no agreement could be reached between the two. Thus the problem of Palestine remained as complex as ever.

In 1939, the clouds of World War II started hovering over Europe. So the British government decided to take the decision on its own. On May 17, 1939, Britain published a white paper in which the following arrangements were made -

(i) After ten years Palestine would be made a completely independent state.

Both Arabs and Jews would participate in the administration of this new state.

(iii) Only 75,000 Jews would be allowed to settle in the first five years of this period. After five years, the number of Jews to be allowed to settle in Palestine will be decided with the consent of the Arabs.

(iv) The Neo-Palestine State would enter into a treaty with Britain to ensure the protection of the Jews' right to the national land.

(v) The British High Commissioner of Palestine could make laws regarding the purchase of land by the Jews in Palestine and through these laws could control their purchase of land.

But the above arrangements were fiercely opposed by the Jews. The Conservation Commission of the Commonwealth of Nations also termed it as a 'violation of conservation'. Churchill called it a 'refutation of the Balfour Declaration'. It is now enough for the Jews to settle in Palestine and buy land. With the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the work of solving the problem of Palestine was also postponed.

At the time of World War II, the Jews gave their movement a fierce form. Started attacking not only the Arabs but also the police. Movements were also started outside Palestine. Many wealthy Jews lived in America. He also supported the Jewish movement in every way. In 1942 AD, there was a conference of Jews in Biltmore, New York, in which the following demands were made -

(i) Palestine should be accepted as a Jewish state.

(ii) The Jews should also have the right to keep a separate army for their protection.

(iii) There should be complete freedom for the Jews to settle in Palestine. They could buy land freely. Apart from running the movement, the Jews also formed many secret societies. Terrorist activities also intensified. There were 60,000 volunteers in the organization called 'Hagana' who were equipped with modern weapons. During the Great War, this organization conducted its activities with intensity.

     In February 1947 AD, British Foreign Minister Annerut Levin announced in the Parliament that Britain can't run this mandate. Therefore, this problem should be kept in the United Nations only. After discussion, the Sangh suggested on August 31, 1947, that arrangements should be made to divide Palestine into Arab and Jewish states and to keep Jerusalem under international rule. The United Nations Assembly accepted this suggestion and appointed the Palestine Commission to give it a practical shape. Great Britain also announced that on May 15, 1948, it would withdraw its dominion and forces from Palestine.

         But the United Nations' above plan of partition of Palestine was opposed by both Arabs and Jews. In March 1948 AD, the Security Council accepted the proposal of America that Palestine should be placed under the Beas Council and a special session of the General Assembly should be called to consider it. The General Assembly started discussions on April 16, 1948, but at the same time t, the Jews in Palestine announced the establishment of the State of Israel. America immediately recognized it, but the Arabs could not tolerate it and Arab states attacked Israel from all sides. By June 11, Israel's forces had driven the Arab forces out of their land. On July 15, the Security Council passed a resolution calling for an end to the war in Palestine. The war also stopped on 18 July.