what is planning
If you want to achieve your goal then it is very important to have a good plan. In this article, we will know what is planning. In the last of this article, we will give you a golden line on planning. Please see the full article: Planning in an unusual sense means making predictions about future activities in advance. Future situations are uncertain, so when, what, and how to do is determined in advance. Planning acts as a bridge to bridge the gap between the future and the present.
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characteristics of planning
(1) Planning is related to the future.
(2) Planning is an ongoing flexible activity.
(3) The best option is selected from various alternatives by planning.
(4) Planning is the basis of the efficiency of the managers.
(5) Planning is the primary function of management.
(6) Planning is deeply related to changing circumstances.
(7) Planning contributes to the achievement of the objectives of the enterprise.
(8) Planning is an intellectual process, and for this practical knowledge is essential.
purpose of strategic planning
The main objectives of planning can be explained as follows-
(1) Bringing certainty in future activities – The first objective of planning is also that through this, certainty should be brought into the future activities of the organization.
2) Forecasting - The second objective of planning is to forecast about the uncertain future. Changes in customer functions, production systems, government regulations, etc. are anticipated.
(3) Providing specific direction – One of the objectives of planning is to coordinate the actions taken at each level of the organization..jpg "what is planning")
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(4) To establish coordination To achieve the set goals of the organization and to implement the policies, the main purpose of planning is to coordinate the work of different departments and different employees.
(5) Bringing economy in management - When the manager plans each and every work, then all the efforts move in the same direction and the wastage automatically reduces. In this way, the execution of various activities at the least cost is also the main objective of planning.
nature of planning
The nature of planning can be explained as follows-
(1) Planning is the basic function of management – Management functions are planning, organization, coordination, direction, motivation, and control. Planning forms the basis of all these works. The success or failure of other works depends on planning only. All other functions of the organization are completed only after planning.
(2) Planning is universal- Planning is not needed only in business organizations, but in all types of organizations, whether the organization is commercial or social, religious or political, whether the organization is small or big, planning in all types of organizations Is required. Thus planning is a universal process.
(3) Planning is a selective function – Planning is an important function of management. Under planning, the best option is selected from the various options for doing work. To achieve the objectives of the organization, several options are determined and the best option is selected by evaluating all of them relatively.
5) Planning helps in coordination - With the success of planning, the top managers of the enterprise can effectively coordinate the activities of their subordinates. In planning, the work of each person is already determined. Therefore, the higher officials come to know which person has to do what works and those people are made to do the same work.
area of planning
At present, the field of planning is very wide. The following activities can be included in the field of planning-
(1) Objectives: Objectives are the results, of the attainment of which related activities are done. Determining the objectives of the enterprise is the primary stage of planning because planning is incomplete without setting goals or objectives. Thus it can be said that setting objectives is the cornerstone of planning.
(2) Forecasting - By this, the well-established relationships between various events can be studied and future events can be predicted by adopting the principles of forecasting. Forecasting is the basis of business planning. It clarifies future risks and makes the enterprise alert and careful to face them.
(3) Policies - Policies are general agreements about a general distribution or method of working. It is a continuous decision-making directive that is decided by the top management. There are various benefits of making policies, such as clarity of decision limits, the guidance of employees, help in authority gaps, etc.
(4) Work-Methods - Work-Methods are the method to cross the path set by the policies. In each sequence, certain policies are made to achieve its objectives, and certain procedures are established to fulfill them. In short, we can say that definite procedures are made in the enterprise to implement the policies. Through these procedures, the way of performing the actions and their sequence is decided. These procedures are made according to the objectives and needs of the enterprise.
5) Rules - In the planning process, definite rules are made while preparing the plan. Plans are implemented based on these rules. According to Koontz and O'Donnell, "Rules are plans that indicate the course of necessary action and are selected, like other plans, from alternatives." Rules are different from policies, as policies are deliberately made for the benefit of the enterprise, while rules are simple plans.
(6) Budget - In the modern business era, every work is done based on estimates. A budget is also a plan in which the distribution of expected results remains in figures. These budgets are of many types, such as cash budget, purchase budget, sales budget, income-expenditure budget, etc.
The activities of the enterprise can be controlled only through the budget. Hence budget is a part of the control. But the budget is always made for the future only, not for the past.
(7) Program - A program is made to complete the planning work. A program is a brief plan to do any work, which is prepared according to the policies and procedures according to the objectives in a certain order. These programs can be short-term, long-term, comprehensive, limited, general, or specific.
(8) Fronting - In the commercial era, internal and external fronting has to be done for every undertaking. Fronting is a practical plan which is prepared to keep in mind the plans of business rivals.
what is the importance of planning
In the present times, planning is an important requirement in management. Just as it is impossible for an aimless person to achieve success in life, in the same way, professional success also becomes difficult without planning. Running a business without prior planning would be like steering a boat without a rudder or flying an airplane in the sky without knowing the intended location. The importance of planning can be explained as follows-
(1) Helpful in forecasting- The main objective of planning is forecasting because planning is incomplete without forecasting. It means to say that the purpose of planning is to plan for the present only based on future forecasts.
(2) Facing future uncertainty- The future of business is uncertain as many changes take place in the business sector. An able businessman plans for the future by studying and analyzing the present conditions. While planning, goals are set and future uncertainties are estimated in advance.
(3) Reduction in costs: Through planning, it is possible to meet the objectives of the enterprise at the minimum cost. To achieve the goal in planning, the best option is taken by determining various options to achieve the objective at the minimum cost. In this way, it is possible to complete the work at a low cost.
4 Providing important information – Through planning, information is provided to people inside and outside the organization about their goals and how to achieve them.
(5) Helpful in reducing competition-Planned works help in reducing competition, that is, as a result of planning, an environment of free competition arises in the organization, which encourages healthy front-line work.
(6) Focusing on goals - Every enterprise has some basic goals for which planning is done. The main purpose of planning is to focus the attention of the managers and employees of the organization toward the goals. As a result, the attention of all the people of the organization gets focused on that main goal and there is no possibility of any kind of conflict arising among them.
(7) Assistant in coordination - According to Koontz and O'Donnell, "Plans are the chosen routes by which the group works are coordinated." The objectives of all the departments of the enterprise are clearly explained by planning, and after that, all the departments work in a coordinated manner.
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8) Bringing certainty in future work - The main objective of making a suitable plan for any work is to make certain the work to be done in the future so that the business is conducted properly.
(9) Helpful in control- In every business organization, budgets are made and systematic programs are made to achieve the goals. After this work is done according to the budget. Based on these budgets, the managers can control the business activities.
(10) Providing direction to the management- Planning provides necessary direction to the managers of the enterprise for achieving the declared objectives. Through planning, the managers get information that what is the work and by what method it is to be done.
characteristics of good planning
The following elements are involved in the planning process:
1) Determination of goal or objective - Every enterprise has a major objective, for the attainment of which the management always strives. Under planning, this purpose is determined and all business activities are organized to achieve the goal. The objectives or goals of any undertaking are not one but many. There are many business requirements of any enterprise and the objectives have to be balanced accordingly.
(2) Selection of the best alternative- Managers are faced with various alternative policies, goals, actions, and programs and they have to choose the best among them. The best option can be selected only when all the options are thoroughly studied and analyzed. Planning is best only when the best option is selected from many options.
(3) Determining policies- The objective is the goal of the organization while policies are the means of achieving the goal i.e. policies are made to achieve the objectives. Policies are formulated by top-level managers. By working according to the policy, uniformity is maintained in decision-making, there is no fear of partiality and orderliness remains in the actions.
(4) Determining the procedures - Procedures have special importance in the planning process based on these, a definite method of working is decided. Methodology indicates the best solution to achieve the goal of the organization. Policy determines the principle by which a goal is to be achieved, whereas 'procedure' determines the best way to achieve that goal. If the procedures are not fixed, then the organization will not be able to operate properly, and inefficiency, disorder, and irregularity will increase.
5) Elasticity- It is also very important to have the quality of elasticity in good planning. The plan should have the ability to change according to the situation. The diet we have to change the plan also when the future circumstances change. The change should happen with 1 no inconvenience at minimum cost.
(6) Rules-Rules are the guidance to do the work, based on which the work is done. In a way, rules are the simplest form of plans. According to a rule a certain action should be performed in a certain situation. The rules are generally stable and they are generally used at each level. In other words, rules refer to those points which make it clear what is not to be done in specific circumstances without any deviation. Rules are essential elements of planning and procedures are guided based on these. Rules and procedures are not synonymous with each other but are different from each other.
Rules act as guides to procedures, while procedures determine the sequence of actions. Similarly, there is a difference between policy and rule. Policies guide ideas while rules guide procedures.
7) Budgeting- Budgeting is a forecast of future plans, in which expected results are expressed in calculative form. An intelligent numerical estimate of the future activities of the business is called a budget. Budgets are related to human and material resources and on this basis, budgets can be of many types; For example, purchase budget, sales budget, labor budget, etc. Budget is considered an important tool for planning and control.
(8) Morchabandi or Vyuh Rachna- Morchabandi is such a plan which is made by countering the special circumstances arising from the policies of the competitors. When two or more organizations try to achieve the same objective, there is doubt about the success of the plan made keeping in mind the plans of the rivals. Therefore, to face the plans of the rivals, a front has to be made.
(9) Formulation of the program- A program is a specific plan which is made to face a particular situation. In other words, a brief plan for doing something is called a program. Programs are decided in such a way that they are implemented according to the prescribed policies and according to the prescribed procedures. Programs can be short-term, long-term, comprehensive, or limited.
(10) Fixing standards-Many types of standards are fixed in business; For example, time scale, type scale, etc. These standards should have the qualities of accuracy, stability, and measurability.
limitations of planning
Many difficulties arise under the making of planning, which are also known as the limitations of planning. These difficulties or limitations can be explained as follows-
(1) Expensive Method: The work of planning is expensive. In this, more time, labor, and money are spent, as a result of which cost expenses increase, the burden of which falls on the owners or consumers of the institution.
(2) Future Uncertainty- Future circumstances are uncertain and changeable. For this reason, whenever a manager makes a forecast about any business planning, he has to adopt various assumptions.
(3) The problem of choosing the best option- Circumstances are changeable. It is not necessary that the work which seems best to us today will also be the best tomorrow. Thus the problem of choosing the best alternative is important in planning.
(4) Lack of sufficient elasticity- One of the main difficulties in the work of planning is the lack of sufficient elasticity. In its absence, the managements become disinterested and they are not able to take full interest in the work of the business enterprise. The reason for this is that it becomes necessary to make necessary amendments in the planning according to the circumstances, but they are not able to do so even if they want to, because, in the absence of sufficient elasticity, it is not in their control to make any kind of amendment in the planning.
(5) Difficulty in the availability of reliable information- The success of planning depends on facts and information. If reliable facts and information are not available, then the importance of planning goes on disappears. The availability of such facts and information is a difficult task. Moreover, the longer the period of planning, the more widespread this difficulty will assume.
Tips for Overcoming the Limitations of Planning
Difficulties arising in the planning process never prove that planning is unnecessary. In fact, planning is an infallible weapon of management by which it is expected to achieve the set goals of the organization. Therefore, the following suggestions can be given to an efficient manager to remove the limitations or difficulties of planning-
(1) According to the need of the enterprise- For the success of planning, it is necessary that the plan should be made keeping in mind the needs, resources, and circumstances of the organization.
(2) Before making an effective plan based on reliable facts and information, the facts and information related to it should be carefully collected.
(3) Simple plan- An effective plan should be prepared in such a way that everyone can easily understand it. Understanding
(4) Clear information about the benefits to be received- Whoever is related to the scheme, should clearly see the benefits to be received from the scheme, this is very important for the success of the scheme.
(5) Small plans- It is also necessary for the success of planning that work should be divided into several processes and then separate plans should be made for it.
(6) Frontline- Frontline must be taken care of in the implementation of the plan.
(7) Flexible – Planning should be flexible so that necessary adjustments can be made according to changing circumstances. In other words, an effective plan should be prepared in such a way that we can modify it if circumstances change.
(7) Termination of personal interest- Under planning, all the programs are fixed in advance, as a result of which there is a restriction on the personal interest and initiative power of the employees in the organization and they work according to the fixed program like machines. are bound to do.
golden line 👉 by Navin sir
without planning target is not achieved
And without hard work planning is of no use.
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