Russian Revolution of 1917

1917Russia is the largest country in the world which is spread over the largest area of the world. It is in first place in terms of nuclear potential Russia has developed a lot of its ancient civilization.,

Whether it is space development or the field of arms, it holds its place for everyone. Today we will know Russian now the Russian Revolution of 1the promptly917 and Russian the history of this country.

Russian Revolution of 1917

Change in any system opposition is called revolution. The seeds of revolution in any country lie in the condition and mood of the people of that country. The material conditions giving rise to dissatisfaction prepare the necessary background for the revolution. In such a situation when it becomes difficult for the government to follow the old rut and it is unable to find a new path a through successful reform plan, then it becomes natural to the Russian Revolution in the country.

The history of Europe from the eighteenth to the twentieth century is full of revolutions. Almost all the countries of Europe remained untouched by the Russian Revolution of 1917 Russian Russia was no exception to this. The Socialist the Revolution of 1917 AD took place in Russia, which was an important event not only in the history of the Europe revolution but in the history of the world. It affected not only Russia butut all the countries of the world.

what happened in Russia?

In 1917, there were two revolutions in Russia. One is called 'March's Revolution' and the other 'November's Revolution', but if it is said that these two revolutions are two rounds of the same revolution or two chapters then it would not be unreasonable. In fact, the March Revolution was political in nature and the November Revolution was social in nature.

Revolution is not the result of a short time, but there are some basic fundamental reasons behind it for a long time. In Russia also, the signs of towards were becoming visible from 1905 onwards, but the autocracy of tsarism was successful in suppressing them. While Tsar Nicholas initially announced governance reforms and kept the situation under control by promising to establish Dima, he later enraged the people by imposing reactionary rule. When the time came, this anger manifested itself in the form of the great revolution of 1917, which was not only in Russia; He impressed the whole world with his flame. In short, the following were the reasons for the Russian Revolution:

(1) Autocratic monarchy

The rulers (tsars) ward toward were biased toward autocracy. He believed in the principle of divine right. Tsar Alexander I and Nicholas I followed the path of reactionary and repressive policies. Tsar Alexander II was in favor of the reform plan, but the feudal and zamindars opposed the judicial and local governance reforms carried out by him. On the other hand, the people started expecting constitutional reforms because of the reforms made by him, but the public's hope was dashed because the Tsar had again become autocratic. The Nihilist movement was suppressed. Alexander III after the assassination of Tsar Nicholas I and then his son Nicholas II after his death were staunch supporters of Orthodoxy. The people were uprooted by the defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese War during the time of Tsar Nicholas II and Russia was in a state of revolution. To control the situation, Nicholas made some reforms, but later he became autocratic again. Heijn wrote, "For many months there was land-related extraordinary freedom of controversy, of publication (press) and of speech, which was occasionally abolished by the authorities, but that cessation was only for its re-establishment.

(2) Status of agriculturists

Russia was far behind the major states of Europe in the industrial race. Russia was till now an agricultural country, but despite being an agricultural country, the condition of the farmers was very pathetic. In other words, the peasants were agricultural slaves. Their status was like that of semi-slaves. Many restrictions were imposed on the farmers. As a result, Poltava and Harkov's peasant uprisings took place in 1902. In 1905, farmers also rioted any land-related places. As a result, peasants-related reforms took place in 1906 and 1910, but they could not solve the problem of the landless. The suggestion of dematerialization of the Duma cadets was rejected by the government. Lenin explained to the peasants, "We do not need a parliamentary republic. We do not want a middle-class democracy. We do not want any other form of government other than the government organized by workers, past peasants soldiers"

(3) Working class and capitalism

The pace of industrialization in Russia had accelerated since the time of Tsar Alexander. The owners of industrial institutions were rich people. This gave impetus to capitalism. The main objective of capitalism has been to,' work more pay less. Therefore, maximum work was taken from the working class and minimum wages were given. The landless farmers were turning to industrial institutions in search of employment. This gave the capitalists an opportunity for complete arbitrariness. The workers lived in dirty and narrow streets. They could not form any trade union. The government was supporting all possible industrialists. As a result, socialist principles had a substantial impact on the workers. In 1905, the workers even made the Workers' Soviet in St. Petersburg. According to Fischer, “This communist propaganda created great dissatisfaction and hatred towards tsarism among the workers of the country, due to which the people started supporting the revolutionaries to end the Tsar's rule.

(4) Revolt of minorities

Jews, Poles, and the ns for d minority races lived in Russia. All these races were under the Russian Empire and experienced subjugation. The Tsar wanted to Russify these castes. The medium of instruction was changed from Baltic to Russian language. Russians were appointed to high posts. The Russian administration tried to suppress the national sentiments of the minority castes. The Jews and Armenians were subjected to horrific atrocities. In 1905, there were revolts in Georgia, Poland, and the Baltic provinces. The way they were crushed, they all became biased towards the end of autocratic rule.

(5) Influence of the Enlightenment

The ideas of Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Turgenev, Maxim Gorky, Marx, and Bakunin greatly influenced the Russian public. His ideas caused an intellectual uprising in the Russian public and the Russian people were influenced by socialist ideas. She wanted to end the autocracy. The Tsar also tried to ban the arrival of communist ideas in the country, but he could not get success.

(6) Effect of European Democracies In the First World War

Russia fought on behalf of England and France. The war slogan of England and France was to protect nationalism, liberty,y an,d democracy. This is what they were fighting for. His propaganda had a profound effect on Russia. The Russian people saw that when the Russian army is fighting for nationalism, freedom, and democracy, then why there is autocracy in the country? So she started aspiring to establish democracy in the country.

(7) The development of socialism and the effect of the propaganda of the Bolshevik Party

The pathetic condition of the peasantry tendencies and the deprivation conditions of the common people contributed significantly to the development of socialist tendencies in Russia. Influenced by socialist ideas, a movement was started in Russia which was called Basedniki. The agitators started their movement against the landlessness of the farmers. In 1903, socialist democracy split into two parties – Bolshevik and Menshevik. The first was led by Lenin, the head of the proletariat wanted in Russia, while the second party was biased toward democracy by getting the support of other classes, but the end of tsarism was the aim of both, so both of them encouraged the Russian people to reform the regime against the tsars. inspired to

8) Personality and Corrupt Rule of Tsar Nicholas II

According to Fischer, "The Tsar Nicholas II of this was a great superstition or more unfit. He was a weak and obstinate person who lacked the power to understand the importance of events and the character of individuals." Empress Alandra had a special influence on her. She was a partisan of autocratic rule. Zarina had become a puppet in the hands of a monk named Rasputin. Rasputin took advantage of his wide influence and started interfering in the administration. Appointment and dismissal of high officials Rasputin This led to a great spread in the administration. As a result, a party was formed in the court against Sasptowardutin, who was killed by Rasputin in December., 1916. The Tsar was deeply saddened by this. He traced the killers. Ordered to impose, due to which the entire courtiers were also defeated and they also became his opponent.s.

9) Russia's entry into the First World War and the economic crisis

In the First World War that started in August 1914, Russia accepted to fight on behalf of the Allies. At the same time, almost all the members of the Parliament accepted it, but the prudence of the Tsar and Zarina, unnecessary interference in the war wor, and Baltic anBaltic andBalticd indifference brought down the morale of the army. Soldiers went to fight, but they lacked war material. In the first two years of the war, Russia had to face a severe defeat.

Here Russia was completely isolated from the Western world due to the closure of the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea. As a result, there was a shortage of food grains. Inflation increased. Prices skyrocketed and by 1917 the cost of living increased by almost 700 times as compared to 1914 AD. Dr. Satyaketu Vidyalankar has written, “The prices of food grains, clothes, and fuel had increased so much in Russia that it became difficult for the people to buy them. People used to think that everything was in abundance in Russia and the capitalists has captured them. There were long queues of people to buy bread, due to which strikes and disturbances started and they suddenly took the form of war and rebellion against the monarchy.

**importance of the Russianrussain revolution of 1917**

Similar to the French state revolution of 1789 AD, the 1917 revolution of Russia did not only affect Russia. But it affected the whole world. The importance of the revolution automatically becomes even more clear when we see that following the principles of the revolution, Russia is the main superpower of the world today. The following important results of the Russian Revolution of 1917 were obtained: Tsar

1) The revolution of Russia in 1917 ended the autocratic and reactionary rule that had been going on for 300 years.

(2) The government of the proletariat was established in Russia. This created a new type of socialist structure in Russia.

(3) The communist government established in Russia strongly opposed capitalism. As a result, industries in Russia were nationalized. Landlords and capitalists were abolished. The land was provided to the farming class according to their need. Thus, about the new economic policy called by Russia, it can be said in the words of Vance, "that economic life of Russia was a singular picture of state equality, state capitalism".

(4) The Russian Revolution Russian Russiandithe Russian did not affect only Russia but also affected the world. The first result of the Russian Revolution was the withdrawal of Russia from World War I, whose direct relation can be seen as the Treaty of Brest Willowest of March 3, 1918. Although Russia had to bear great humiliation due to this treaty, after separating from the war, it could pay attention to the economic system and reconstruction of the country. The new method in which Russia worked, which we know today as the 'Socialist Soviet Republic Union', which is the product of the revolution, has given Russia the place of the world's superpower today. Russia thought that the government of the proletariat would be established in Europe. Therefore, in 1919 AD,, unit the In the terunitsnational was established. For this reth,e the world was divided into two groups. Capitalist countries came in one group and communists in the other. In other words, the world again split into two factions.

(5) The important achievement of the Russian Revolution can also be called the rise of Lenin, which gave a completely new direction to the future policy of Russia. Even today, the name of Lenin is taken with great respect in Russia. Therefore, it would not be irrelevant to discuss the role of Lenin in this sequence of revolution.